Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay - 1539 Words

The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is one of William Shakespeare’s most renowned works of literature. Published in the very early sixteenth century, the play remains to be the longest of all Shakespearean works and the most popular as well. Perhaps what is so appealing about this masterpiece, the tragic story of the death of King Hamlet, murdered by Hamlet’s uncle Claudius, who later marries Queen Gertrude in order to take the throne, and Prince Hamlet’s journey to exact revenge on Claudius for all he’s done to the kingdom, is the fact that revenge plays a rather large role throughout the play, being what motivates Hamlet to pretend insanity in order to succeed. Revenge is an important theme portrayed constantly throughout Hamlet,†¦show more content†¦Once finished with his story, the Ghost asks Hamlet for one simple favor: â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (Lawall et al. 1799). The death of King Hamlet is foul as it w as done while he was asleep, and unnatural because someone of his own kin committed it. Hamlet promises to fulfill the ghost’s request, which sets the play’s entire plot into motion. Afterwards, Hamlet advises his friends not to pay attention to his behavior from that point on, as he will put on â€Å"an antic disposition†; he will fake insanity to distract everyone from his actual motives. However, whether or not Hamlet is actually insane or just pretending to be has been a subject of criticism by literary analysts. In his legal and metaphysical study titled â€Å"Is Hamlet Mad?† Newman Watts argues for the former. He presents his evidence in a very legal manner, accusing Hamlet of suffering from mental aberration, as evidenced by â€Å"his morbid temperament†¦ his defective memory and illogical condition of mind, evidenced by his treating the combined secret of his life, and the motive for his revenge, as a confidence reposed† (Watts 7). The main act that Hamlet committed during his â€Å"staged† madness, the murder of Polonius — although his identity was unbeknownst to Hamlet prior to the killing — would not be something any sane individual would commitShow MoreRelatedShakespeares Hamlet: The Tragedy of Revenge1165 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Hamlet: The tragedy of revenge The time is out of joint: O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right! (I.5). Shakespeares Hamlet is an unwilling avenger. Despite his hatred of his uncle Claudius and his sense of the injustice perpetuated upon his fathers memory, Hamlet seems unable to obey the will of his fathers ghost. Ultimately, this is not shown to be a sign of weakness or cowardice upon Hamlets part. Rather, the intellectual protagonist understands all too wellRead More Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesRevenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Revenge. Revenge causes one to act blindly through anger, rather than through reason. It is based on the principle of an eye for an eye, but this principle is not always an intelligent theory to live by. Young Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet were all looking to avenge the deaths of their fathers. They all acted on emotion, and this led to the downfall of two, and the rise to power of one. Since the Heads of the three major families were each murdered, the eldestRead More Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - Why Revenge?1054 Words   |  5 PagesRevenge in Hamlet        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Elizabethan times, a type of play known as a revenge tragedy became popular. These plays revolved around, ... the revenge of a father for a son or vice versa, the revenge being directed by the ghost of the murdered man... (Harmon and Holman #6). Other characteristics include real or pretend insanity, philosophic soliloquies, hesitation on the part of the protagonist, conspiracy, and the use of horror. William Shakespeares Hamlet fully satisfies each of theseRead More Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesRevenge in Shakespeares Hamlet In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses revenge as a major theme present throughout the work. Revenge plays a crucial role in the development of Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, and Laertes, son of Polonius. All three men seek revenge for the murder of their fathers. Revenge can be interpreted as a separate character in Hamlet. Revenge is set to overcome anyone who seeks it. Initially, after each of the murders, every son had a definite course of actionRead MoreThe Hypocrisy of Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet854 Words   |  3 PagesIn todays society, the media often portrays revenge as an acceptable option. This is not outright stated, but rather implied. Characters often seem to think that revenge is the only way to get closure from a bad experience, and when this is acted on, negative consequences are not shown. Rarely is the fact that vengeance is hypocritical and wrong brought up. People need to wake up and realize that revenge is always hypocritical and illogica l. As Christ said, â€Å"Let him who is without sin amongRead More Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - Pure Revenge Tragedy?1932 Words   |  8 PagesHamlet – the Revenge Tragedy?  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   A baffling array of considerations relevant to the revenge aspect of Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet make an essay on this topic an interesting experience.    Ruth Nevo in â€Å"Acts III and IV: Problems of Text and Staging† explains the uncertain place which revenge occupies within the hero’s most famous soliloquy:    And conversely, because self-slaughter is the ostensible subject of the whole disquisition, we cannot read the speech simplyRead MoreHamlet As A Revenge Hero In Shakespeares Hamlet1436 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare is thought of as the greatest writer and playwright in the English Language. Among his many plays, one of the best is Hamlet, a revenge tragedy of a prince, Hamlet, seeking to avenge his father’s death. In the play, Hamlet exhibits actions that an audience could debate on if they suggest he is insane or sane. One side of the argument could debate that Hamlet has been driven mad due to the grief of his murdered father. However, the opposing side could argue he was putting on an antic dispositionRead MoreThe Theme Of Hate And Revenge In Shakespeares Hamlet1391 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Hamlet is a tale laced with hate and revenge. Young Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, is his role model who he bases his actions after. His unexpected death thro ws Hamlet into a dark time of despair which only compounds his grief when his mother Gertrude remarries to his father’s brother, Claudius. Hamlet mopes around the castle at Elsinore feeling sorry for himself. This is why when Hamlet hears his father’s ghost may have appeared he jumps at the opportunity to see him again. He listensRead MoreThe Dangers Of Revenge In William Shakespeares Hamlet900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dangers of Revenge As represented in many examples throughout literature, revenge is a dangerous desire. Revenge will bring out the worst in people, often causing them to neglect their responsibilities and moral duties. Hamlet, in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, allows his personal passions to interfere with himself and those that are close to him. As a result of Hamlet’s eagerness to avenge his father, he is led to neglect both Ophelia and his mother, disregarding his morals as a person, and revealingRead More Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - Going Beyond Revenge1851 Words   |  8 PagesGoing Beyond Revenge in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The simplest and superficially the most appealing way to understand Shakespeare’s Hamlet is to see it as a revenge tragedy. This genre was well established and quite popular in Shakespeare’s time, but it was precisely part of his genius that he could take old forms and renew them by a creative violation of their standards. As this essay will explore, Hamlet stands the conventional revenge tragedy on its head, and uses the tensions created by this reversal

Essay about Improv is a Labor of Love in the Theater

Improv was always an intimidating faction of theater. Though there is no planning or scripting, no matter when or where the show was it always seemed a labor of love. Something that was worked on for an extreme length of time but really it was formed from the performers mind only a second before the audience saw it. Even though I have done theater and dance in the past, improv always seemed something that I was never good at. From watching performances, tv programs, or improv workshops, it always looked like an art form that I could never learn or use besides the stage. With last weeks class, that all seemed to change. I saw that improv could be used in many different factions of life. Providing new life skills and practices that cam†¦show more content†¦Hayden posses creativity traits that I feel I posses as well. Sensitivity is the first one which allows for Hayden to take the pulse of his audience. By using sensitivity, he can learn how is audience is feeling. When Hay den first starting speaking, he started by being serious and working humor slowly into his speech. By doing this he could see how open or sensitive his audience was not only to him but to comedy. Being in a classroom setting a certain type of humor is appropriate but when dealing with a class that is full of his peers, Hayden had to figure out which one was better and he found it through sensitivity. I need to use sensitivity when I present my findings to clients, colleagues or even future employers. Being a history major and wanting to work in a museum setting, I must have sensitivity towards the people I speak with about history. Topics, people and certain events may be off the table depending on who you speaking too. This trait will always me to teach and be respectful to those I interact with. The next creativity trait is flexibility. Hayden used flexibility not only in comedy improv but when he presented. There were times when his presentation went offtrack but he found a way to tie it back all together and still get his message across. Flexibility is also something I possess since for my career I need to stay on my toes being ready for the different questions IShow MoreRelatedBlue Man Case Study Essay10220 Words   |  41 Pagesplayed the accordion and the piano. After high school, Phil attended the Evangel College of Arts and Science in Springfield, Missouri. Despite – or because of – being rather shy, he was attracted to theater and studied voice. He graduated in 1983 with a dual major in religious studies and theater arts. He decided his future was in acting but that he wasn’t ready for New York or Los Angeles, and would return to Savannah for a year or two first. In 1986, he headed for New York to study acting and

Advertising Clip Analysis - 3879 Words

Target Audience When analyzing the target audience the first thing that came to mind was Mothers between the ages of 28-35. These would be the primary consumers for two of the three products located on the advertisement. This is the primary age range for moms to have babies and toddlers. These mothers are in the middle to upper class. They have a high education level. The thought behind this is that the nature of the product is a little more expensive due to its organic ingredients. The pouches shown are sold individually, making one think that they are a little more expensive, usually what you see out of the Dannon Oikos line. Proposition The proposition was a very lacking in this advertisement. It seemed like the Stonyfield was†¦show more content†¦Proposition While I have no idea what was in the creative brief or what the actual phrasing of the strategy was, the tagline â€Å"unlock your heart† came to mind. The idea behind this is that these women have been in relationships for a while. One of the many advantages of advertising in Cosmopolitan is the nature of their content. Women who buy Cosmo are adventurous and some are looking to spice things up. Some relationships become stagnant in the time between the initial feelings of joy and the proposal. This proposition is attempting at connecting the desire of a deeper more meaningful relationship with the idea of marriage, or at least engagement. I think it accomplishes that aspect in a manner that is simple and to the point while retaining the grace and elegance of the rings. Way the Campaign Should Work This campaign uses emotion appeals as well as discriminating arguments to try to convince their audience. The emotional appeal comes from the idea behind the proposition. It pulls on those inner desires of women to find a husband or take the next step with their significant other. The discrimination argument comes with the placement of the rings on the lock. Each one is place in a manner that the name Tacori is shown on each one. This subtle thing implies the fact that is only Tacori that can match this desire for them. These two points really convey the point on the King Continuum of relating to own wants and needs. The purpose of this advertisement is not toShow MoreRelatedChallenges of Marketing the Super Bowl1691 Words   |  7 Pages(Issue) statement...3 Data analysis...3 Key decision criteria...5 Alternatives analysis...7 Recommendations...7 Action and implementation plan...8 Executive summary This paper is a case analysis of the business aspects of marketing the Super Bowl, Americas largest sporting event. The Super Bowl is the most popular televised sporting event and is widely watched even by viewers with little interest in football who are mainly attracted to its funny and edgy advertising. Because the Super BowlRead MoreSample Message Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesaudio clip that is automatically played when visiting the website would be another medium used by Kreative Deals. The audio message works both as an advertisement of the product and an invite to the register for the sale. The last medium would be the pictures of the product and the prices being displayed by real-time auctions. The pictures of the shoes gives the consumer a â€Å"real† example of what Kreative Deals is offering and the prices show that â€Å"ownership† is just a bid away. The audio clip playedRead MoreOmni Recording and Marketing Services 1410 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction With the arrival of new marketing and advertising techniques Omni Recording and Marketing Services (ORMS) plans to deliver an effective mobile campaign to make a successful customer following. We have identified a campaign analyzing the potential benefits and using the best-implemented approach. Our first operation will analyze as many possible techniques, the outcomes, their developments and any program weak points we may meet after it is developed. The key to any effective campaignRead MoreAl Jazeera and CNN1741 Words   |  7 PagesCNN. When first searching for Al Jazeera content their website, that is free of any outside advertising, is the first return that is discovered. The headlines at the top of the website consist of human rights issues and investigations, the common headline â€Å"entertainment†, that is present on almost every profit media conglomerate, is absent. Al Jazeera presents many programs that provide in depth analysis on controversial stories that provi de a scope of opinions on issues behind the common headlinesRead MoreKit Kat International Strategy- Comparison of 3 Three Countries1461 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategy for meeting the needs of a specific population. For this study we will see the example of Kit-Kat, for judging if this multinational adapts itself to the culture of each country. In order to answer this question we will see in a first part an analysis of three advertisements of different countries, then a video case in Japan. And finally a comparison between these two types of strategy. I- Analyze of the commercials according to the country In order to see if Kit-Kat adapts according toRead MoreCompetitive Analysis Cango988 Words   |  4 PagesCompetitive Analysis CanGo.com February 21, 2010 Schettakka Davis The Big Five, Inc. Introduction This competitive analysis was conducted to aid in the development of CanGo, an online gaming website. This analysis focused on three competitors: Big Fish Games, iWin.com, and Pogo.com. The existence of these competitors indicates that there is indeed a market for online gaming. All of these competitors offer free online game play, game downloads, chat rooms, club memberships, and someRead MoreCase Study Of Creating A New Company1083 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge of the Internet, the website is easily manageable for even the older users and navigating is pretty much self-explanatory. At the start of this project, the company was unable to support or keep up with the growing business. The local advertising and original website werent enough to provide the Client the support it needed. This made it a challenge to meet the company’s potential customers. The company had a flux of inquiries not being answered timely and messages were not routed toRead MoreNike Shifts with Its Environment700 Words   |  3 PagesCase Analysis – Nike Shifts With Its Environment 1. From what you can tell by reading the case, in addition to other information you know about Nike, how has each element of the company’s microenvironment contributed to its development of the new stores and their innovative features? ÃŽ » Nike+: With Nike+, runners can measure their exercise time, pace, energy consumption, etc. Meanwhile, these data can be uploaded to a dedicated community of runners named nikeplus.com. Thus, runners can get professionalRead MoreInternet Marketing Relevance and Consumer Attitudes toward Internet Advertising1245 Words   |  5 Pagestoward Internet Advertisement. The analysis is based on a consumer survey conducted in India as well as other countries. For this purpose, a representative quota sample of Internet users in India has been interviewed. The finding of this study provides marketers with an understanding of consumers, their attitude toward advertising, so designers and marketers can better strategize their advertising designs. Internet advertising, aka Web advertising or online advertising, is a fast growing business. ItRead MoreEthical Approval Form For Undergraduate Projects2652 Words   |  11 PagesDIVISION OF PSYCHOLOGY COUNSELLING, UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD ETHICAL APPROVAL FORM FOR UNDERGRADUATE PROJECTS Part One Project Title Hot or not ? Assessing changing social attitudes to body image and attractiveness through a study of TV advertising Student name Pandora Papamichael Supervisor name Christopher Bale Date Yes No N/A 1 Will you describe to participants what will happen in your study (e.g. experimental or interview procedures) in advance, so that they are informed about what

Pros And Cons Of Undocumented Immigrants - 1701 Words

Undocumented immigrants provide jobs, pay taxes, and have had many positive outcomes toward the United States therefore, they should be allowed to be granted citizenship without going through all the hardships such as inhumane treatments, labeling/categorizing, harassment and detains. Undocumented immigrants are always supposedly up to no good and seen as the enemy. â€Å"There is no need for immigration so why have it?† you may ask. Throughout the years, many people have traveled to the United States from other countries to get a well paying job in order to maintain their families, to provide everything it takes to be successful for their kids, and overall to have a brighter future. Would people with bad intentions actually go through the†¦show more content†¦Foster homes will not provide the same love and attention that children need. Children are the future of this country, they should be given a chance along with their parents. You never know what one is capable of unless you take the first step and go for it, the United States government is not providing that step. Also, with deportation comes the lack of resources and staff that the immigration system provides. This has led to an unsafe and inhumane conditions of imprisonment for those who have been captured by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. More than 300,000 men, women, and children have been detained yearly. 300,000 is a fairly large amount of people to look after. These people are not going to be receiving the proper health precautions. This starts to become a problem after someone is detained longer than they should be. In fact, the ideal time is 30 days but it could last up to years. People are not informed on how long of a process it is to be granted citizenship as an undocumented immigrant. There are many alternative methods to the harsh, inhumane imprisonment, such as using ankle bracelets, release on bond and in-house visits and reporting requirements. This would lead to th e government saving a great deal of money along with fixing the broken immigration system. Alternatively, immigration has had a negative outlook. It is being enforced by current President Donald Trump that all undocumented immigrants are thieves, thugs, terrorists, and so on.Show MoreRelatedThe Hot Topic of the Immigration Issue Essay examples817 Words   |  4 PagesImmigrants built America into the country it is today. Some were fleeing persecution in their own countries. The immigrants came as free individuals, indentured servants, or slaves. Most came here to pursue a better life. America welcomed those individuals, and it has a process in place for those wishing to gain legal citizenship. The immigration issue is a hot topic in the United States today and concerns individuals who are entering the country illegally. Our representatives are proposing newRead MoreImmigration And The United States1570 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration has been around since the early 20th century. Right now there are more than 11 million immigrants living in the United States. They co me from all over the world but a lot of people think they all come from Central America or South America. They come to the United States looking for a better life than what they had back home. Most of them either come alone or they bring their families with them. If they are closer to the border, they might even try to cross the border illegally. They comeRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is It Really That Big Of A Deal?1084 Words   |  5 Pagesdeal? This paper will be introducing the pros and cons to this subject. There will also be the views politicians of the upcoming 2016 election. This will cover the views of Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump, and Bernie Sanders. What’s your view towards illegal immigration? There are many pros to this topic, such as the fact that the government would earn more taxes. Most illegal aliens are paid under the table because of the law. If we provided the undocumented workers with amnesty, they could be paidRead MoreUndocumented Workers Essays1259 Words   |  6 Pages The number of undocumented workers in the United States has increased since the rise of our economy. An undocumented worker is a person in a country, like the United States, without the right documents to be proven to be allowed in the country. Many reasons are blamed for the increase of these undocumented workers. Undocumented workers increased because the change in law of the United States made it impossible for foreign workers to go to the country (Zoltan). These laws made a chain of problemsRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration964 Words   |  4 Pagessaid that America should send the illegal immigrants back to their country because they are taking American’s jobs. He stated that he would send his dad back to Mexico because he is an illegal immigrant. Going around the circle that we created, everyone gave their opinions, most disagreed, but some agreed with the student. When it was my friend’s turn, she agreed with him and said that teachers, profess ors, friends, and etc. should report any undocumented person to the police. It will also help ifRead MoreThe Importance of Immigration Reform747 Words   |  3 PagesImmigration Reform Due to the 11.7 million undocumented immigrants living in the United States of America, we have come to the realization that our immigration process is flawed and needs to be rejuvenated for the modern times. Many of the problems that come with issuing a new immigration plan, begin with the house coming to an agreement on how to improve immigrant processing, as well as comparing the pros and cons. Undocumented immigration is a problem we cannot ignore, because it is changing manyRead MoreImmigration Reform Essay2152 Words   |  9 Pagesdebate over immigration has become one of the most heated arguments. Immigrants leave their home countries desperate need for food to feed their families, unemployment purposes, their poverty conditions environment, for those who are employed are tired of the below market wages, and the unequal treatment. Today they are about 11 million undocumented workers in the United States and Americans fear that because of this matter, immigrants will increase cost, overwhelm the country, and change American societyRead MoreMy Company Is One Of The Largest Agricultural Producers1250 Words   |  5 Pagessatisfy the economical and expeditious harvest of the seasonal crops. This labor force combined equals almost 25 thousand men and women. The large majority of the work force hired are documented immigrants and are eligible for work in the United States. There is a smaller portion that are undocumented immigrants. They have falsified their eligibility to hide their illegal status and to obtain work. In all the force my company employs 3900 to 4150 workers for a period of 9 weeks of the harvest seasonRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is A Problem For The United States1361 Words   |  6 Pagesthousands of illegal immigrants have come into US through either the Mexico border, the Pacific Ocean, or through many other ways. Some people entered in country legally through a visit visa, but then have stayed illegally and are working in various places . Illegal immigration is a double enclosed sword; one hand it provide the local economy with cost benefits as the illegal immigrants are not paid so much, while they are more fruitful. On the other hand, these illegal immigrants do not pay taxes andRead MoreThe Immigration Reform And Control Act1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has reported, roughly about 11 million undocumented immigrants reside in the United States (Hoefer, Rytina Baker, 2011). To legalize or not to legalize those undocumented immigrants has always been a major debate in the U.S. When weighing the pros and cons of a legalizing program, my stance is simple. Legalizing undocumented immigrants makes perfect sense, not only for the economy, but also a wonderful humanitarian act. Two economists Sherrie Kossoudji

Electric Field Free Essays

Name ____________________________________Electric Fields Go to http://phet. colorado. edu/simulations/sims. We will write a custom essay sample on Electric Field or any similar topic only for you Order Now php? sim=Electric_Field_Hockey and click on Run Now. 1. You rub balloons in your hair and then hang them like in the picture below. Explain why you think they move apart and what might affect how far apart they get. A balloon becomes negatively charged when it is rubbed on a person’s hair. This occurs because all the protons and neutrons leave the balloon and attach to other objects such as the hair. If two balloons both have negative charges then both balloons will repel each other because same charges repel while opposites attract. 2. Test your ideas using Electric Field Hockey in the Practice mode. Make a table to record your observations about what affects the direction and speed of the puck. Your table should demonstrate that you have run controlled tests with all the variables. Charges introduced |Effects on positive charge repulsion | |Positive |Repel | |Negative |Attract | Charges introduced |Effects on positive charge speed | |Positive |Close to charge=Increasing repulsion speed | | |Far from charge= decreasing repulsion speed | |Negative |Close to charge=Increasing attraction speed | | Far from charge= decreasing attraction speed | 3. Reflect on your ideas from question #1 and your data from question #2. How do your observations support, dispute or ad d to your ideas about what affects how charged bodies interact? The data collected helps support my claims that like charges repel each other while opposites attract. In the case of the balloons both balloons are negative there for repelling each other. 4. As you put charges onto the playing area, arrows appear on the puck. †¢ What do you think the arrows on the puck are illustrating? The arrows illustrate the movement of the pucks as well as velocity. †¢ How do the arrows from the positive charges compare and contrast to the ones from the negative balls? The positive charges seem to repel the puck while the negatives attract. †¢ Investigate how you can use the arrows to predict the motion of the puck. 5. Write an explanation of how you can predict the motion of a charged hockey puck that is moved by other charged pucks. Explain using examples and drawings that include: †¢ How to use free body diagrams and vector addition. †¢ How negative and positive charges compare and contrast. How to cite Electric Field, Essay examples

Windmere corp Essay Example For Students

Windmere corp Essay What do you recommend that Windmere do over the next two or three years?In my opinion, Windmere must continue to expand its U.S. sales to continue using its factories in China effectively in 2-3 years time. It has focused on a developing a family of brand names in addition to private branding and OEM business , as well as developing additional product lines to push through its distribution channels. These brand names can be easily marketed through these channels which will in return provide reasonable profit to the company. Focusing on brand identities for each of its major product lines is an important issue for this company. Its professional saloon products from the Belson Products Division are marketed under saloon designs, Pro Star and Premier brand names. This enables Windmere to gain large national retain chain clients such as Wal-Mart, Eckerd Drug, Kmart, Target, Caldor, etc. These huge retail clients will be Windmere s strategic partners. Windmere has to adapt itself incase o f huge demand to its product through these retail channels. In the future, Windmere has to provide high-quality goods in case of this unexpected situation of excess demand. Another fact is that, new products of Windmere has to be competitive in the environment. Before presenting these products Windmere has to make some Market Research Appraisals in order to understand products market position and segmentation. On international scale , three big subsidiaries Hong Kong, Canadian and Dutch provide supply to its international markets, these subsidiaries need to be improved with new subsidiaries in order to provide more integrated distribution networks. Bibliography:

The Benefits of Global Teams Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the the Major Challenges that are faced by Organisations when Managing Global Teams. Introduction For achieving success in a global economy, an increasing number of organisations today are relying on a workforce that is geographically dispersed. They attempt to build up global teams comprising people from across the world who possess the best expertise functionally and also have in depth knowledge of the local and promising markets. By forming global teams such organisations draw on the benefits that are offered by international diversity and they also bring together individuals from varied cultural backgrounds, differing work experiences and possessing distinct perspectives on strategic as well as organisational challenges. These factors assist the multinational organisations to compete in todays business environment. However, the managers leading such global teams have to face stiff challenges. Creation of successful work groups is easier when everybody is local and the same office space is shared by them but when the members of the team belong to different nations, have varied functional background and work from different locations, challenges can be posed in the form of rapid deterioration of communication, misunderstanding and degeneration of cooperation into distrust (Neeley, 2015). This business research will discuss the challenges that are faced by organisations in managing global teams. Project Objective The main objectives of this business research are as follows To identify as well as describe the major challenges that are faced by organisations when managing global teams To develop an in-depth understanding of the ways in which these challenges are managed by the project managers in the virtual teams of the global projects Project Scope The designing of a theoretical framework will be done for research purposes. It will provide the definition of the concept of virtual teams and the major challenges associated with managing global teams of the dispersed projects. However, it does not take into consideration the experience of conducting any such virtual project. The focus will be on collection of expertise, knowledge and opinions of international experts from across the globe so that fresh ideas can be found on ways of dealing with the challenges and also on how to maintain trustworthy profitable relationships and day to day working interaction within the global teams. Literature Review From the perspective of an organisation, there are several benefits associated with global teams. These consist of opportunity for hiring talented employees irrespective of the geography, a work day that continues round the clock, reduction in costs along with increase in speed towards the markets (Filev, 2013). Improvements in customer services and productivity can occur if the virtual teams are designed as well as implemented in the correct way (A.D. Harris, 2005). However, there are also several challenges associated with the management of global teams and their effective management requires knowledge as well as understanding of the fundamental principles in relation to team dynamics irrespective of the space, time and communication distinction between face-to-face and virtual environments (Berry, 2011). Global Teams Global teams have been described as teams that are diverse culturally and also dispersed geographically (McDonough, Kahn, Barczak, 2004). Several international organisations build up global teams since it is viewed as effective manner of operating in global settings. Working in global teams requires the organisation to possess deeper understanding related to the mixed skills of the employees who belong to distinct countries and it also requires the managers to think beyond the collocated practices of project management. Thus, the global teams have to be knowledgeable in fields of coaching, conflict resolution, trust building, team building and coaching so as to build collaboration in an effective way (Binder, 2007). Global virtual teams are teams that consist of individuals from different locations geographically or / and different backgrounds culturally who rely on the technology of communication in order to interact with each other to a certain extent (Carter, Seely, Dagosta, DeCh urch, Zaccaro, 2014). Such team have also been defined as interdependent virtual team, the members of which are geographically as well as time dispersed throughout the national and cultural boundaries (Wildman Griffith, 2014). Challenges posed in Managing Global Teams Cultural Differences The greatest challenge faced by project managers in managing global teams is the cultural diversity that is possessed by the stakeholders as well as the team members working in various locations (Stolovitsky, 2012). A high degree of cultural difference between the members of the global team can result in an increased number of challenges, some of which the management might be having little experience of handling. Different cultures of the members of the global team can at times be the source of misunderstandings and conflicts. Cultural differences might also result in difficulties of coordination and prove to be an obstacle for effective communication (Powell, Piccoli, Ives, 2004). Hence it becomes crucial for the project managers to apply certain basic rules as well as practices so that they can gain advantage of cross-cultural communication. However, most of the authors are of the view that challenges posed by cultural understanding hold the key for successful performance (Hofsted e, Hofstede, Michael., Minkov., 2010). Communication In the virtual environment, majority of the communication that exists is non-verbal. This is the reason why it turns out to be a key issue for managing the global teams successfully. In a project environment of traditional type, the project managers possess the opportunity of communicating and implementing projects with the members of the team who are located in the similar geographical and physical location. In such cases face-to-face communication can be utilise as the primary communication method (Lee, 2013). Such communication methods are usually absent in case of global teams. The members of the global team do not possess the facility of reading the body language of their colleagues until a videoconference is arranged. The accessibility to listening to the tone of voice is also limited as the major ways to communicate comprise instant messaging, text and email (Plazas, 2013). The absence of face behind the words can lead to allocation of incorrect messages and emotions. This has increased the curiosity of finding out the ways in which communication can be managed in global teams. Trust Issues related to trust in virtual teams are usually present during the start of the project. As time is usually taken for building trust, most of the research papers indicate that people begin to trust others whom they meet on a regular basis sooner in comparison to an environment wherein communication takes place primarily by means of electronic technology. Addition of diverse backgrounds and language related difficulties makes it all the more complex (Duarte Snyder, 2006). The core of almost all the knowledge dissemination models in global teams comprises of trust in other members (Rosen, Furst, Blackburn, 2007). However, while efforts are put in for establishing trust in virtual teams, a more sceptical approach is adopted by others and they are of the view that for fostering trust face-to-face communication is required (Oertig Buergi, 2006). In the absence of trust between co-workers, proper functioning of the global teams is hampered. Although building as well as maintaining trust in a traditional and physical place of work is difficult, it becomes all the more difficult in a virtual environment where people usually are required to work with somebody whom they might not have met in person. When the global teams span across distinct cultures, it can result in cropping up of misunderstandings which are hard to detect and difficult to address. Additionally, global team rarely give time allocation for building relationships as there is no introductory meeting. Hence, in difficult times, it is difficult to give up all the things for talks which will be able to eliminate conflicts and repair relationships on the basis of cultural misunderstandings and mistrust (Kerravala, 2014). Differences of Time Zones Time is one of the issues in global teams as the members of the team are dispersed over varying time zones (Sankey Lee-Kelley, 2008). The utilisation of asynchronous technologies can help in overcoming various daylight working. However, a gap is still left between question and answer and such delays can prove to be inefficient and stressful in projects of critical nature. Even though the use of communication technology helps in bringing global team members together at virtually the same time, the impact of time zones cannot be completely mitigated by it (Piecewicz, 2010). The members of global teams thus need to identify the factors associated with time zone as the main dependency from the time of start of the project related initiatives. Conflicts Navigation of disputes that occur between members of the team is not easy. Conflicts between employees can turn out to be poisonous and cause damage in productivity, crushing of creativity as well as squashing of morale. Conflicts that remain unresolved cause lot of destruction in a traditional workplace. It is obvious that their complexity will increase in a virtual environment where the people lack proximity of working on their cultural differences and problems face-to-face. Conflicts in case of global teams are more likely to impact the performance in a negative way. Such conflicts are also more likely to be escalated (Petersen, 2014). Conflicts can be related to tasks or relationships. Interpersonal or relationship conflicts comprise effective components such as friction and tension. They consist of personal issues such as annoyance, personality clashes and mutual dislike among the team members. Conflicts which are task based are a reflection of the contradictory viewpoints in relation to implementation of working tasks. Language Differences Language is another significant challenge of managing global teams. English is the language that is spoken in most of the teams across the world. However, when English is spoken on a professional level as a second language it can result in several major misunderstandings as reaching the levels of the mother tongue is very difficult. Additionally, English itself also varies across nations even in those nations where it happens to be the official language such as in Singapore, Great Britain, Australia and the United States. In these nations also meanings of words can differ (Zakaria, Amelinckx, Wilemon, 2004). Even if each member of the team is able to speak English well, all of them speak it in their own ways which leads to another challenge of language knowhow (Oertig Buergi, 2006). Technological Differences As the global teams are dependent on technology for communicating, it is crucial to have knowledge of the ways in which technology can be used. The technological skills of the members of the team differ widely. It is critical to know not only the usage of a particular technology but also which technology is suitable for which purpose. Thus, efficient use of technology is very important. The above discussion shows that the managers of the global teams should know how to manage the challenges associated with cultural differences, communication, conflicts, trust, technological differences, variations in time zones and find out ways of overcoming the functional as well as cultural diversity in global teams that can be a cause of mistrust among the team members (Elbrahim, 2009). The expansion of the number of challenges continues to take place as new problems are being identified by the researchers when they try to manage global teams. The challenges that managers face while leading these global teams can thus be summed as the challenges associated with building virtual relationships, challenges associated with observation, evaluation, measurement and assessment of the work being done along with the skill development of every member of the global team (Zofi, 2011). Conclusion The benefits of global teams are recognised greatly in literature but research concentrating on challenges associated with managing such teams is scarce. The current study thus focuses on the challenges in managing global teams. The project managers managing such teams need to overcome several barriers like cultural issues, absence of face-to-face communication, temporal and geographical distances, issues related to trust, varied styles of communication and technological challenges. Consequently, management of global teams is not only more complex but also different from the management of traditional teams. Bibliography A.D., A., Harris, D. 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